Changes to the media and how they can affect us
The media landscape in the UK (and wider world) is undergoing one of the most profound transformations in modern history. Trust is faltering, traditional audiences are shrinking and social platforms are reshaping how news is consumed and importantly who controls it.
For communications professionals, brands and policymakers alike, the question is no longer whether the media has changed, but where it is heading and what this means for reputation, influence and trust.
Reputation and Trust: A Fragile Commodity
Trust in the media has been steadily eroding for over a decade. According to the Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2024, just 36% of UK respondents say they trust most news most of the time, a significant drop compared to pre-2016 levels when trust was consistently above 45%. Trust in news accessed via social media is even lower.
This is a fundamental shift as if you no longer trust the media outlets, why are you reading or consuming their outputs? Does news then shift to entertainment or as the figures show, people simply turn their backs on them and no longer purchase or engage with it?
During COVID-19, media consumption surged but so did a new found level of scepticism. While outlets were relied upon for daily updates, critics argued that government policy and scientific decisions were not always robustly scrutinised in the early stages of the pandemic. That perception, fair or not, contributed to a broader sense that journalism was failing to hold power fully to account – leading to a further erosion of trust.
Once trust declines, it is notoriously difficult to rebuild. Reputation, like credibility, compounds slowly and erodes quickly.
The Decline of Traditional Readership
When trust is lost a negative vortex is created and that is seen in how print and scheduled news broadcast audiences continue to fall sharply.
- UK national newspaper print circulation has fallen by more than 50% in the past decade.
- Regional newspaper circulation has declined by over 60% since 2007 (which is even lower than the heydays of the 1990s).
- Hundreds of local titles have closed, creating “news deserts” across parts of the UK.
On the broadcast side traditional evening bulletins have also seen steady declines:
- BBC News at Ten has lost roughly half its audience since the early 2000s.
- ITV News at Ten has experienced similar downward trends.
- Younger audiences are migrating away from scheduled broadcasts to online social updates
The 16–24 demographic now overwhelmingly consumes news online, often via mobile devices and social platforms.
While digital audiences are larger, they are fragmented and less loyal. Direct website visits are declining as audiences increasingly access news via intermediaries or take their information from AI (which is notoriously unregulated). Historically people would be aware of the ‘agendas’ or biases of the likes of Rupert Murdoch or Robert Maxwell but with AI it seems less so – although according to a YouGov Poll in July 2025 only 14% of consumers trust AI for providing factual information.
It is increasingly evident that consumers have lost trust in external sources of information and news, which means that they are using their own ‘gut feel’ for whether something is true or not, or seeking validation from peers or influencers who share the same views or principles. This can lead to polarisation of society with individuals falling into and seeking endorsements from their own silo views.
The Social Shift: News via the Feed
The Reuters Institute reports that over 50% of UK adults access news via social media each week. Among younger audiences, that number exceeds 70%.
Platforms such as Facebook, X, Instagram, and TikTok have become primary gateways to news. This creates two major shifts; publishers no longer fully control distribution and that individuals and brands can now communicate more directly with audiences.
The ability to bypass traditional gatekeepers is powerful. CEOs, politicians and organisations can speak instantly to millions without editorial mediation. For PR and corporate communications, this has transformed strategy allowing owned channels to rival earned media in influence.
But it also means scrutiny can be avoided and we are seeing an increasing shift towards politicians or CEOs not being made available for comment – simply because they no longer need to and instead choose to appeal directly to their audiences through their own social channels.
This is best illustrated by Donald Trump. Having been initially kicked off Twitter / X when he had the ability to communicated with 20m+ followers, he set up Truth Social (where he controls what can and can’t be said as well as who gets a platform!). Aside from the fact a team of unelected executives could effectively silence the ‘most powerful man in the world’ by deleting his account – he is now back online and regularly communicating to his 8.6 million followers on Truth Social and 110m followers on X.
Let’s just stop and reflect on Donald’s ability to speak directly with 110m followers on X. Alastair Campbell would have loved this ability to ‘control the narrative’ back in the day when he was managing Tony Blair. No need to worry about dodgy dossiers or the Today Programme challenging the right to attack Iraq – he could simply share his side of the argument with no scrutiny or even ‘fact checking.
This puts politicians and businesses in a powerful position – but sadly there is simply no independent scrutiny over what is being said.
This seems an unfair fight when traditional broadcasters in the UK are regulated by Ofcom and operate under strict impartiality and editorial codes. Newspapers are also subject to industry regulation and defamation law.
Social platforms, by contrast, operate with significantly lighter oversight regarding editorial responsibility where algorithms, not editors, determine visibility.
This regulatory imbalance is reshaping public discourse.
Algorithms, Echo Chambers and Polarisation
Algorithms are designed to maximise engagement. Engagement often means content that provokes emotional reaction.
Research in both the UK and US shows that algorithmic feeds reinforce existing viewpoints, creating echo chambers. Users are shown more of what they already agree with which in turn leads to ideological reinforcement and, over time, polarisation.
The United States provides a cautionary case study. The polarised media ecosystem leading up to and following the Capitol Hill riots illustrated how fragmented information environments can amplify division.
When audiences inhabit entirely different media realities, consensus becomes harder to achieve which again has led to massive polarisation in the US and even talk of civil war as both sides become entrenched and validated through algorithm feeds.
Clickbait and the Dumbing Down of Content
The issue is further compounded as digital economics reward clicks, shares and dwell time. Headlines are increasingly optimised for attention rather than nuance.
Click-driven models encourage sensationalist framing, over simplification of complex issues and largely outrage-based narratives. This doesn’t necessarily mean journalism standards have collapsed (although it could be argued that they have) but commercial pressures are undeniably shaping presentation. The race for digital advertising revenue is diluting depth and dare I say even creating a fear of annoying advertisers.
I remember the days when I worked at Marks & Spencer in the early 2000s and the company was under constant attack and scrutiny from the media, while also spending tens of thousands advertising in the likes of the Daily Mail. At one point a telephone call was made to the Mail’s advertising department to ask them to call off the wolves in the editorial team. The M&S executive was firmly told of the importance of independent editorial and that they would not be threatened with the withdrawal of advertising revenues. Sadly, the days are long gone when advertising spend did not influence editorial decisions.
The BBC, Legal Challenges and Trust
Even our old Auntie, the BBC, has lost its way and although it is still one of the most trusted news brands in the UK (according to Ofcom research), it is increasingly facing a decline in confidence.
High-profile controversies, including criticism and lawsuits surrounding coverage of the Capitol Hill riots and documentaries on Gaza, contribute to narratives that the broadcaster is either biased or under political pressure.
When trust is questioned, even without proven fault, reputational damage can linger. This in turn leads to an erosion of public confidence which requires sustained transparency and independence for it to recover.
Direct Communication: Opportunity and Risk
So how does the current media landscape affect organisations? In short, we believe there is an opportunity. Companies must work on their own direct audience messaging, using the platforms and relationships that they have available to them, principally social media and their websites.
This engagement must be done in real time as consumers now operate in an immediate landscape whether online ordering and delivery through to the availability of news at the opening of a screen.
Organisations should also look to own their own content ecosystems whether providing valuable content regarding their products and services through to wider industry content that will help position them as leading experts who speak with authority.
Let’s also remember the importance of AI and how more than 60% of searches today are ‘no-click’ searches meaning that customers take their information straight from the AI answer. Companies need to embrace this and have strategies to feed the AI content.
Finally, remember the importance of influencers. Historically the media has acted as an influencer, but today individuals can have the same reach and power as newspapers and magazines. These influencers are just that – able to shape the narrative and influence decisions by connectivity and trust with their own audiences.
But it also brings responsibility. Without traditional gatekeepers, misinformation can spread rapidly. Reputation management has shifted from relationship-building with editors to continuous digital monitoring and building coalitions with partners and influencers who can be called on to help when needed.
A Perilous Point
We are arguably at a tipping point where trust in media is declining in parallel with economic pressures on traditional journalism. Audiences are fragmented across algorithm-driven ecosystems and it is evident that regulation has not kept pace with technological change.
This has all led to greater polarisation both of audiences, opinions and news gathering. This poses a danger, not only because ‘independent’ journalism is declining but because of the effect it has on the shared and trusted information space. An independent, powerful and accountable media has always been the foundation of free and democratic societies.
Put most simply – if audiences cannot agree on facts, public discourse becomes unstable, polarisation builds and societal splits happen.
Where does the future lie?
The above may come across as a little fearful, but this is largely because of the speed of change and consumers ability to keep up as well as the role of regulators. We are already seeing legislation being put in place to better manage social media and let’s hope that more scrutiny is put onto ‘fake news’ and people being held more accountable for what is shared online.
There is no doubt however that the media landscape has changed forever. The future of media will likely be hybrid, based in stronger subscription models which will allow for better journalism.
Although a liberal at heart, let’s also hope for greater regulatory intervention for platforms to not only protect young people but to restore a basic level of trust. The growth of influencers may also lead to further growth in independent journalism which if executed effectively could help rebuild trust in the medium.
For media organisations, communicators and institutions alike, the challenge is clear – we need to rebuild scrutiny, restore transparency and prioritise accuracy over immediacy. Because once trust is lost, it is extraordinarily hard to regain.
Since the beginning of time and throughout all this recent change one principle remains constant: trust is the currency of influence. Without trusted media, we risk losing something far more fundamental.
